Production Function (Lanjutan Perilaku Produsen)
Fungsi Produksi (Contoh Soal)
Bila diketahui bahwa fungsi produksi barang X dapat dirumuskan dalam format Cobb-Douglas Function Q = 5.K1/4L3/4 di mana Q0 = 1.000 unit
Diminta:
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Hitunglah least-cost combination penggunaan input K dan L bila r = Rp. 10.000 per machine hour, dan w = Rp 5.000 per man hour.
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Hitung kembali jawaban soal (a) bila Q’ = 1.100 dan Q” = 1.500
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Buatlah rekapitulasi yang menggambarkan Cost Function
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Susun kembali rekapitulasi tersebut pada soal c bila cost of capital naik 10% dan labor cost naik 5%
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Dapatkah saudara menggambarkannya dalam bentuk grafik
Jawaban :
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C = r.K + w.L
Meminimumkan biaya dengan kendala fungsi produksi
Dengan SOP optimasi:
minimumkan : C = r.K + w.L
yang memenuhi :
kendala : Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
fungsi sasaran : G = r.K + w.L – λ(5.K1/4L3/4 – Q)
Syarat primer:
= 0 ; = 0
Sehingga:
= r – λ.5.(1/4).K-3/4L3/4 = 0
r – λ.(5/4).K-3/4L3/4 = 0
λ.(5/4).K-3/4L3/4 = r
λ = r/((5/4).K-3/4L3/4)
= w – λ.5.(3/4).K1/4L-1/4 = 0
w – λ.(15/4).K1/4L-1/4 = 0
λ.(15/4).K1/4L-1/4 = w
λ = w/((15/4).K1/4L-1/4)
λ = λ
r/((5/4).K-3/4L3/4) = w/((15/4).K1/4L-1/4)
r.(15/4).K1/4L-1/4 = w.(5/4).K-3/4L3/4
kedua ruas dikali 4
r.15.K1/4L-1/4 = w.5.K-3/4L3/4
kedua ruas dibagi 5
r.3.K1/4L-1/4 = w.1.K-3/4L3/4
kedua ruas dikali K3/4.L1/4
r.3.K1L0 = w.K0L1
r.3.K1.1 = w.1.L1
r.3.K = w.L
r.3.K/w = L
L = r.3.K/w
Diketahui r = 10.000 per machine hour, w = Rp.5.000 per man hour
L = 10.000.3.K/5.000
L = 30.000K/5.000
L = 6K
Diketahui Q0 = 1.000 unit
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
Q = 5. K1/4(6K)3/4
Q = 5. K1/4.63/4K3/4
Q = 5.63/4.K
Q = 19,17K
K = Q/19,17
K = 1.000/19.17
K = 52,17 machine hour
L = 6.K
L = 6. 52.17
L = 313,02 man hour
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Bila Q’ = 1.100 unit
K = Q/19,17
K = 1.100/19.17
K = 57,38 machine hour
L = 6.K
L = 344,28 man hour
Bila Q” = 1.500
K = Q/19,17
K = 1.500/19.17
K = 78,25 machine hour
L = 6.K
L = 469,5 man hour
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Rekapitulasi Cost schedule
r = Rp.10.000 per machine hour; w = Rp.5.000 per man hour
Q (unit) |
C (rupiah) = r.K + w.L |
Keterangan |
1.000 |
2.086.800 |
K = 52,17; L = 313,02 |
1.100 |
2.295.200 |
K = 57,38; L = 344,28 |
1.500 |
3.130.000 |
K = 78,25; L = 469,5 |
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Bila cost of capital naik 10%, labor cost naik 5%
r = 10.000 (1 + 10%)
r = 10.000 (1,1)
r = 11.000
w = 5.000 (1+5%)
w = 5.000 (1.05)
w = 5.250
Karena adanya perubahan r dan w, maka kombinasi penggunaan input optimal berubah menjadi:
L = r.3.K/w
L = 11.000.3.K/5.250
L = 33.000K/5.250
L = 6,29K
Sehingga
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
Q = 5. K1/4(6,2857K)3/4
Q = 5. K1/4.6,28573/4K3/4
Q = 5.6,28573/4.K
Q = 19,85K
K = Q/19,85
Bika Q0 = 1.000
K = 1.000/19,85
K = 50,38
L = 6,29K
L = 6,29. 50,38
L = 316,18
Bila Q’ = 1.100
K = 1.100/19,85
K = 55,42
L = 6,29K
L = 6,29. 55,42
L = 348,59
Bila Q’ = 1.500
K = 1.500/19,85
K = 75,57
L = 6,29K
L = 6,29. 75,57
L = 475,34
r = Rp.11.000 per machine hour; w = Rp.5.250 per man hour
Q (unit) |
C (rupiah) = r.K + w.L |
Keterangan |
1.000 |
2.214.125 |
K = 50,38; L = 316,18 |
1.100 |
2.439.718 |
K = 55,42; L = 348,59 |
1.500 |
3.326.805 |
K = 75,57; L = 475,34 |
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Grafik Cost Function
Pada r = 10.000, w = 5.000
C = r.K + w.L
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
L = 6.K
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
Q = 5.K1/4.(6K)3/4
Q = 5.63/4.K1/4.K3/4
Q = 5.63/4.K
Q = 19,1682K
K = Q/19,1682
K = 0.0521.Q
C = r.K + w.L
C = 10.000.K + 5.000.6.K
C = 10.000.K + 30.000K
C = 40.000K
C = 40.000.0.0521.Q
C = 2084Q
Pada r = 11.000, w = 5.200
C = r.K + w.L
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
L = 6,29K
Q = 5.K1/4L3/4
Q = 5.K1/4.(6,29K)3/4
Q = 5.6,293/4.K1/4.K3/4
Q = 5.63/4.K
Q = 19,8590K
K = Q/19,8590
K = 0.05036.Q
C = r.K + w.L
C = 11.000.K + 5.250.6,29.K
C = 11.000.K + 33.022,5K
C = 44.022,5K
C = 44.022,5. 0.05036.Q
C = 2.216,97Q
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